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The chemistry between him and the Philharmonic was there from the start. Nevertheless they describe one and the same situation. Such sentences can be characterized by an absolute dissimilarity of language units which is accompanied by the absence of obvious logical link between the two messages. It is only the purport of communication that is retained in translation. The level of the purport of communication According to Komissarov there are five levels of equivalence in translation. The conventional formula when being introduced How do you do? is translated into Russian by means of the phrase Очень хорошо.Īn acceptable translation of the exclamatory Russian sentence Тоже мне знаток нашелся! would be the following: Since when have you been such an expert? but not Also I found an expert! as the original utterance is dripping with sarcasm. Let me introduce you to my business partner Mr. The metonymic translation is appropriate here because the phrase much academic ink was spilled over is associated with scientific research. In the 1980s, much academic ink was spilled over the “productivity paradox,” …

The semantic level of equivalence implies the maximal semantic identity of the elements of the SL and the TL utterances. With a loyal customer base thus assured, Matalan saves money by locating its stores out of town. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction The meanings of the elements in the original sentence coincide with those in the translated sentence. The passive construction is translated by the analogous Russian construction.Ģ. The search was conducted during the summer of 2011. For example, it concerns predicative constructions with the participle and gerund and infinitive constructions when translating them from English into Russian, and the adverbial participle (деепричастие), when translating it from Russian into English. But such a close correspondence between the syntactic structures of the sentence in both languages is rare, so quite often to produce an adequate and effective translation we have to resort to various transformations. It means that the word forms and the syntactic structures in the SL utterance coincide with those in the TL. The syntactic equivalence implies the word-for-word translation. Breus distinguishes between syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels of equivalence. Vinay and Darbelnet use this term to refer to cases where languages describe the same situation by different stylistic or structural means.

There are different approaches to defining equivalence in translation, but even the brief outline of the issue indicates its importance within the framework of the theoretical reflection on translation. A Brief Outline of Approaches to Defining Equivalence in Translation